Critics called Mr. Trump's terms rapacious, colonialist and mercantilist.

批评人士称特朗普条件是贪婪、殖民主义和重商主义。

Following this catastrophe, a more diffuse  and mercantilist power structure emerged.

场灾难之后，出现了更加分散和重商主义权力结构。

Before the 19th century, most European countries tried to do just that prioritizing self-sufficiency in a system called mercantilism.

在19世纪之前，大多数欧洲国家都试图通过一个称为重商主义体系来优先实现。

The purposes of the mercantilists were not the same as those of modern economists.

重商主义者目与现代经济学家目不同。

Not all earlier treatises were mercantilist by any means.

无论如何，并非所有早期论文都是重商主义。

Jefferson pleaded for the rights of Americans to trade freely in international commerce, contrary to the crippling mercantilist system England practiced.

杰斐逊为美国人在国际贸易中由交易权利辩护, 与英国实行重商主义制度相悖。

These colonies were founded as  British possessions in the Americas, displacing Native Americans and subjecting  civilians to a policy known as mercantilism.

些殖民地是作为英国在美洲财产而建立，取代了美洲原住民， 并使平民受制于一种被称为重商主义。

In the 18th century, Adam Smith attacked the old mercantilist ideas of protectionism, which aimed to restrict the inflow of foreign goods.

在18世纪， 亚当·斯密抨击了旧重商主义保护主义思想，种思想旨在限制外国商品流入。

The position of the more perspicacious mercantilists was in this respect, as in many others, perfectly clear within certain limits.

在方面，与许多其他人一样，更敏锐重商主义者立场在某些范围内是非常清楚。

As for earlier mercantilist theory, no intelligible account was available; and we were brought up to believe that it was little better than nonsense.

至于早期重商主义理论， 没有可理解说明； 我们从小就相信比胡说八道好不了多少。

However, there is a coherence in the writings of the mercantilists, if we understand their purposes, as well as their conceptions of the world.

然而，如果我们理解重商主义者目以及他们世界观，那么他们著作是具有连贯性。

Unwittingly or not, Mr Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in which free movement of everything except labour is on the table.

无论有意与否，野田把重商主义日本推到了一项贸易协议中心地位，而一协议将讨论除了劳动力之外所有商品由流动。

Some of the errors of the mercantilists, which have been largely expunged from the work of modern economists, still live on in popular beliefs and political rhetoric.

重商主义者一些错误在很大程度上已从现代经济学家著作中被消除，但仍然存在于大众信仰和治言论中。

And that means trade exchange is not seen as something mutually beneficial, but pretty much in a kind of textbook simplified mercantilist view, it's a tit for tat.

意味着贸易往来不被视为互利共赢，而是几乎完全按照教科书上简化重商主义观点来看待，即针锋相对。 因此，在贸易中，总有一方是赢家， 一方是输家。

THE MERCANTILISTS One of the earliest schools of thought on economics consisted of a group of writers called the mercantilists, who flourished from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries.

重商主义者 最早经济学思想流派之一由一群被称为重商主义者作家组成，他们在十六世纪到十八世纪蓬勃发展。

It is also 66 other countries, so we are talking about big developing countries that should be industrializing, are getting de-industrialized because of the mercantilist actions of countries like China.

也是其他66个国家， 所以我们谈论是那些本应工业化大型发展中国家，由于像中国样国家重商主义行为而出现了去工业化现象。

The earlier mercantilists laid great emphasis on this and were often to be found opposing trade restrictions because on a long view they were liable to operate adversely to a favourable balance.

早期重商主义者非常重视一点，并且经常被发现反对贸易限制，因为从长远来看，他们很容易对有利平衡不利地运作。

One of the consequences of Adam Smith's economic theories, developed in opposition to the theories of the mercantilists, was an emphasis on downplaying the role of money in the economy.

亚当·斯密经济理论是为了反对重商主义者理论而发展起来，其后果之一就是强调淡化货币在经济中作用。

In the field of economics, a new scientific approach was overturning the old mercantilist view of an economy driven by protected trade and reliant on exports as a means of preserving its wealth.

在经济学领域，一种新科学方法正在颠覆旧重商主义观点，即经济是由受保护贸易驱动并依赖出口来保存其财富。

Let me first state in my own terms what now seems to me to be the element of scientific truth in mercantilist doctrine. We will then compare this with the actual arguments of the mercantilists.

让我首先用我己话说，在我看来，重商主义学说中科学真理要素是什么。然后我们将把它与重商主义者实际论点进行比较。