Tonic water has its origins in South America, where the bark of the cinchona tree was used to treat malaria.

汤力水起源于南美洲，金鸡纳的曾被用来治疗疟疾。

He'd seen all the different varieties of the cinchona tree.

他见过所有不同品种的金鸡纳。

Antonio Fraser suggests he'd tried quinine in the form of kichona bark.

安东尼奥·弗雷泽暗示他曾尝试过以金鸡纳形式存在的奎宁。

So Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador know this bark, which is the bark of the cinchona tree, is incredibly valuable.

所以秘鲁、玻利厄瓜多尔知道这种，金鸡纳的，非常有价值。

It's very difficult to, like, get to see a cinchona tree.

想要看到金鸡纳是非常困难的。

That is where that infamous cinchona tree with its delicious bark and wild history–this is where it grows.

那就是那棵臭名昭著的金鸡纳，它有着美味的野生的历史——这就是它生长的地方。

So the first time I saw a cinchona tree in the wild, it was in a trip.

所以我第一次在野外看到金鸡纳，是在一次旅行中。

He also championed effective herbal treatments such as willow bark, the source of aspirin, for fevers, and cinchona bark, which contains quinine, for malaria.

他还倡导使用有效的草药治疗，如用于治疗发热的柳（阿司匹林的来源）用于治疗疟疾的金鸡纳（含奎宁）。

So it can be cinchona bark, cinchona bark… The C.H. and the C–depending on which country you're in and which vowel it follows–all sort of change.

所以它可以是金鸡纳，金鸡纳...... C——取决于你所在的国家它后面的元音——各种变化。

The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply.

这种药物来源于南美洲原产的金鸡纳的，到 1856 年， 对该药物的需求已经超过了现有供应。

He had gone to South America to seek his fortune, so he had his eye on getting cinchona bark and seeds and setting himself up as a trader in Bolivia.

他前往南美洲寻求财富，因此他着眼于获取金鸡纳种子，并在玻利成为一名商人。

And part of Nataly Canales's research is the theory that potentially, thanks to all of the overharvesting, the very DNA of the existing cinchona trees has changed.

纳塔利·卡纳莱斯 (Nataly Canales) 研究的一部分理论认为，由于过度采伐，现有金鸡纳的 DNA 可能已经发生了变化。