Tonic water has its origins in South America, where the bark of the cinchona tree was used to treat malaria.

汤力水起源于南，鸡纳树的树皮曾被用来治疗疟。

Antonio Fraser suggests he'd tried quinine in the form of kichona bark.

安东尼奥·弗雷泽暗示他曾尝试过以鸡纳树皮形式存在的奎宁。

He also championed effective herbal treatments such as willow bark, the source of aspirin, for fevers, and cinchona bark, which contains quinine, for malaria.

他还倡导使用有效的草药治疗，如用于治疗发热的柳树皮（阿司匹林的来源）和用于治疗疟的鸡纳树皮（含奎宁）。

So Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador know this bark, which is the bark of the cinchona tree, is incredibly valuable.

所以秘鲁、玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔都知道这种树皮，即鸡纳树的树皮，非常有价值。

The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply.

这种药物来源于南原产的鸡纳树的树皮，到 1856 年， 对该药物的经超过了现有供应。

It's very difficult to, like, get to see a cinchona tree.

想要看到鸡纳树是非常困难的。

So the first time I saw a cinchona tree in the wild, it was in a trip.

所以我第一次在野外看到鸡纳树，是在一次旅行中。

He'd seen all the different varieties of the cinchona tree.

他见过所有不同品种的鸡纳树。

That is where that infamous cinchona tree with its delicious bark and wild history–this is where it grows.

那就是那棵臭名昭著的鸡纳树，它有着味的树皮和野生的历史——这就是它生长的地方。

And part of Nataly Canales's research is the theory that potentially, thanks to all of the overharvesting, the very DNA of the existing cinchona trees has changed.

纳塔利·卡纳莱斯 (Nataly Canales) 研究的一部分理论认为，由于过度采伐，现有鸡纳树的 DNA 可能经发生了变化。

So it can be cinchona bark, cinchona bark… The C.H. and the C–depending on which country you're in and which vowel it follows–all sort of change.

所以它可以是鸡纳树皮，鸡纳树皮...... C——取决于你所在的国家和它后面的元音——各种变化。

He had gone to South America to seek his fortune, so he had his eye on getting cinchona bark and seeds and setting himself up as a trader in Bolivia.

他前往南寻财富，因此他着眼于获取鸡纳树皮和种子，并在玻利维亚成为一名商人。