The fibrotic tissue, pressure buildup, and diversion of blood from the hepatic circulation essentially reduces the number of functional sinusoidal veins, and the number of functional portal triads in general.

纤维组织形成、脉高压和肝循环血分流，最终导致了可用的血窦脉数量的减少，以及整体上可用的脉三联管数量减少。

Protein C or protein S deficiency is also sometimes suspected when a venous thromboembolism develops in an unusual site like the portal, mesenteric, or cerebral veins.

当脉血栓栓塞出现在不常见的部位时，也要怀疑蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏症，比如脉、肠系膜脉或脑部脉。

Higher portal vein pressure means that fluid in blood vessels is more likely to get pushed into tissues and across tissues into large open spaces like the peritoneal cavity.

较高的脉压力意味着血管中的体更容易穿血管壁，被挤压进入组织，更有甚者穿过组织，进入更大的开放空间，如腹膜腔。

Now, the portal venous system comprises of the portal vein and its tributaries, namely the Splenic and Mesenteric veins.

脉系统由脉和其支流组成，包括脾脉和肠系膜脉。

All right, as a quick recap, portal hypertension is when the pressure in the hepatic portal system is greater than 12 mmHg.

得！快速回顾一：脉高压症是指肝系统压力大于12mmHg。

The most common pre-hepatic cause is portal vein obstruction, like when there's a thrombus occluding the portal vein and blocking blood flow.

最常见的肝前型病因是脉阻塞，例如当有栓子阻塞脉血流时。

As the central veins and sinusoids become compressed and push on the fluid inside, their pressure starts to build up, leading to intrasinusoidal (or portal) hypertension, which is this higher pressure in the portal veins.

中央脉和血窦的受压导致它们中间的体也受到挤压，导致脉高压，即脉的压力升高。

The features of portal hypertension can be remembered as ABCDE, where A stands for Ascites, B for Bleeding, C for Caput Medusae, D for Diminished liver function, and E for Enlarged spleen.

脉高压症的特点可以用ABCDE来记：A指的是腹水，B是流血，C是海蛇头，D指肝功能降，E指脾脏大。

And so that's one part of it is that your liver, portal hypertension plus synthetic dysfunction, plus the other thing is what triggers HRS is like the company it keeps, so to speak.

所以其中一部分是，你的肝脏存在脉高压和合成功能障碍，而触发HRS的另一个因素则类似于它“身边的伙伴”，打个比方就是这样。

Another consequence of portal hypertension is that the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels release more nitric oxide.

脉高压症的另一种后果是血管内皮细胞会释放更多的一氧化氮。

So because we have the portal hypertension physiology, so we know we have a very hard liver for the most part, we have portal hypertension, and that comes with all of this bacterial translocation, predisposition to infections.

由于我们存在脉高压的病理生理机制，因此大部分情况肝脏都非常坚硬，伴有脉高压，而脉高压又会引发细菌移位，使患者易于发生感染。

The round ligament stay shut because pressures in the portal venous system and the systemic venous system are the same under 12 mmHg.

圆韧带保持关闭状态，这是因为脉系统里的血压和体脉系统的血压都同样是低于12mmHg的。

This happens when there's an obstruction in the passage of blood from the portal vein towards the vena cava.

当血从脉流向腔脉的通道阻塞时，就会发生这种情况。

The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis.

脉高压症的最常见原因是肝硬化。

Here's a pretty basic layout of the basic functional unit of the liver, you've got the portal vein and hepatic artery that combine into a sinusoid, which then goes into the central vein, and these are all lined with hepatocytes.

这是一个肝脏基本功能单位的简单示意图，你可以看到由脉和肝动脉来的血在血窦汇集，然后流入中央脉，这些都与干细胞相平行。

This happens because blood flow follows the path of least resistance and shunts away from the portal system and towards the systemic system of circulation.

血流循着阻力小的方向进行，因为脉高压，所以会绕过脉系统分流至体循环系统。

Now causes of portal hypertension can be classified as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic or post-hepatic, depending on where the obstruction is.

而脉高压症的原因可以被分为肝前型、肝内型和肝后性，这取决于阻塞的部位。

With TIPS, a tube is inserted via a catheter to allow communication between the portal vein and hepatic vein.

使用TIPS时，可通过小导管插入大导管，以实现脉和肝脉之间的连通。

When this happens, venous blood accumulates in the hepatic portal system, causing pressure to rise above 12 mmHg, which defines portal hypertension.

当这种情况发生时，脉血会在肝脉系统里蓄积，导致压力上升到12mHg以上，这就是脉高压症的定义。

Portal hypertension can also cause blood to back up into the spleen causing congestive splenomegaly, meaning the enlarged spleen.

脉高压症还能导致血向脾脏回流，造成充血性脾大，即扩大的脾。