When a bunch of metal atoms come together in a chunk, these outer electrons wiggle free, creating what scientists usually think of as a negatively-charged “sea of electrons” flowing around a network of positively-charged ions.

大量金属原子聚集结合为块状，这些外层电子自由移动，就产生科学家通常所说的电子海，即大量带负电荷的电子游荡在带正电的金属阳离子周围。

One potential circulating antigen that's been identified is cationic bovine serum albumin, which is present in cow's milk and beef protein, and can escape the intestinal barrier, cause immune complex formation, and deposit in the GBM.

一种已发现的潜在循环抗原是阳离子化牛血清白蛋白，存在牛奶和牛肉蛋白质中，并可逃离肠道屏障，导致免疫合物形，沉积在基底膜。

But they're really just positively-charged cations — like calcium, sodium, and potassium — and negatively-charged anions, like phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate.

但它们实际上只是带正电荷的阳离子——比如钙、钠和钾——和带负电荷的阴离子，比如磷酸盐、硫酸盐和碳酸氢盐。

This includes antacids that contain aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, all of which are positive ions that can bind with the negatively charged phosphate and block absorption.

这包括含有铝、钙或镁的抗酸剂，它们都是阳离子，可以与带负电荷的磷酸盐结合并阻碍其吸收。

The sodium, this became a cation, because it's positive.

钠阳离子，因为它是带正电的。

If I were to add 200 of the cations to this we're going to see a different kind of an effect.

如果我向其中添加 200 种阳离子，我们将看到不同的效果。

Alkali metals want nothing more than to dump off an electron and form a positive ion, or cation.

碱金属只想释放电子并形正离子或阳离子。

Sodium, which is going to be the cation.

钠，将为阳离子。

Next, you have the alkaline earth metals - reactive metals, but not as reactive as the alkali metals, forming cations with two positive charges instead of just one.

接下来，你有碱土金属 - 活泼金属， 但不像碱金属那样活泼，形带有两个正电荷而不是一个正电荷的阳离子。

And the way I remember this, it's a little bit silly, but if you take that sodium ion, a cation, if you think of a cat, a cat has paws.

就我记忆的方式, 这有点傻, 但是如果你拿那个钠离子, 一个阳离子, 如果你想到一只猫, 猫有爪子。

But the names of these ions change somewhat depending on whether they are cations or anions.

但这些离子的名称会根据它们是阳离子还是阴离子而有所不同。

They all form ions readily when they react with non-metals, and when they do, they always lose electrons, forming cations.

它们在与非金属反应时很容易形离子，并且在反应过程中总是失去电子，形阳离子。

Now I've got a theoretical salt with cations and anions and I'm simply going to lower the Ksp value.

现在我得到一种含有阳离子和阴离子的理论盐，我只需降低 Ksp 值。

And so we're going to break it apart into its cation and its anion.

所以我们要把它分解阳离子和阴离子。

Just be sure to put the numerals in parentheses with no space between the cation and the first parenthesis, because trust me, teachers will mark off for that.

务必确保将罗马数字放在括号内，且阳离子名称与第一个括号之间不留空格，因为相信我，老师会因此扣分。

And so we're going to have a cation and an anion.

所以我们将有一个阳离子和一个阴离子。

And so the sodium ion, since it's lost an electron, we call that a cation, it has a positive charge.

所以钠离子, 因为它失去一个电子, 我们称之为阳离子, 它有一个正电荷。