Finally, medications like denosumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclasts, and raloxifene, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

最后，地诺单抗等药物作为单克隆抗体可抑制破骨细胞；雷洛昔芬，一种有选择的雌体调节器，可以被用于绝经后骨质疏松。

Pituitary FSH makes the follicles grow and the granulosa cells produce more estrogen.

垂体生成的FSH使卵泡生长，并且使颗粒细胞生成更多的雌。

Lust is driven by the hormones oestrogen in women, and testosterone in men. A few people are asexual, meaning they don't feel sexual attraction for anyone of any gender.

欲望是由女体内的雌和男体内的睾酮驱动的。少数人是无恋，这意味着他们对任何别的人都没有吸引力。

You're kidding. You've got lotions and bath oils and soaps. that's the estrogen hat trick.

开玩笑吧。这里有身体乳液，沐浴精油，香皂，简直是雌的子戏法。

But once women reach menopause, their estrogen levels drop, and HDL becomes less protective.

而一进入更年期，女的雌水平就会下降，高密度脂蛋白的保护作用就会减弱。

Because I've got estrogen, George. Because of all the estrogen.

因为我雌分泌旺盛，George，都是因为雌的事。

Women are typically more at risk than men, because estrogen increases cholesterol stone formation, which is also why use of oral contraceptive pills that contain estrogen increase the risk of cholesterol stones.

相较于男，通常女更易系结石，因为雌会促进固醇结石的形成，这也是为什么使用含雌的口服避孕药会增加女固醇结石的风险。

This new treatment strategy applies mostly to women older than 50, who are usually past menopause, when levels of estrogen, which feeds breast tumors, start to drop.

这种新的治疗方案主要适用于50岁以上，通常已经过了更年期的女者，因为这一年龄段的女体内，乳腺肿瘤所依赖的雌水平已经开始下降了。

Though there are different causes which result in different levels of gonadotropin hormones, they all ultimately result in hypogonadism and a deficiency in testosterone or estrogen and progesterone.

尽管青春期延迟的病因很多，会导致促腺水平各不相同，但最终的结果都是腺功能减退以及男睾酮或女雌和孕酮的缺乏。

So the thing with BPA is that it mimics estrogen in the body, which is not something you want to keep adding through your diet.

双酚A会模仿人体内的雌，但你并不希望通过饮食不断摄入这些东西。

The damaged follicle now slows its estrogen production while morphing into a different structure, called the corpus luteum, which eventually degenerates.

损的卵泡现在减缓了雌的产生，同时变形成不同的结构，称为黄体，最终退化。

I'm still a surgeon. I'm just a surgeon with an excess of estrogen.

我还是个外科医生。我不过就是个雌分泌过多的外科医生。

In fact, each additional x chromosome increases the estrogen to testosterone ratio, making the changes even more striking.

事实上，每多一条X染色体，雌与睾酮的比值就会变大一些，Klinefelter综合征的病征也会更明显一些。

It may be like all the extra estrogen in the urine that helped the grain to sprout.

可能是尿液中所有多余的雌能促使谷粒发芽。

Women are especially at risk because of the way alcohol reacts with the female sex hormone estrogen.

酒精与女雌产生反应的方式使女面临的风险更高。

The type of treatment depends on the type of cancer and whether the tumors driven by estrogen.

治疗的类型取决于癌症类型，以及肿瘤是否雌驱动的。

But there are other important lipids, like cholesterol, which is the precursor to things like testosterone and estrogen and, of course, phospholipids, which form the cell membrane in every single one of the three-dozen-or-so-trillion cells you have.

但是还有其他重要的脂质，比如固醇，它是睾酮和雌的前体，当然还有磷脂，它们在你拥有的 36 个或大约万亿个细胞中的每一个细胞中形成细胞膜。

Regardless of the cause, the result is a decrease or absence of testosterone in males, or estrogen and progesterone in females, which means there's no negative feedback on the hypothalamus.

不论病因是什么，其造成的结果是男睾酮的减少或缺失，或女雌和孕酮的减少或缺失，这同时也意味着下丘脑负反馈机制消失。

Factors that accelerate bone mass loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis are low estrogen levels, like after menopause, and low serum calcium.

加剧骨量流失和增加骨质疏松风险的因有：绝经后较低的雌水平，以及较低的血清钙水平。

So early in the follicular phase, a small rise in FSH, leads to a large increase in estrogen.

在卵泡期的早期，FSH的量小幅升高，引起雌的大量增加。