In specific places along the tract, like the esophageal sphincter, the circular layer thickens, forming these sphincters that keep food from passing from one part of the gastrointestinal tract to another.

在消化道一些特定部位，例如食管括约肌，内环肌层增厚，形成括约肌，可以防止食物从一个部位反流至一个部位。

Nonetheless, many suspect it could be Crohn's Disease, a hysterectomy or surgery to handle avid refluxes following the delivery of three children in the last decade.

尽管如此， 许多人怀疑这可能是克罗恩病，在过去十年中生下三个孩子后对子宫进行切除或手术， 以应对严食管反流。

Persistent acid reflux damages the esophageal mucosa, causing local inflammation, or esophagitis.

持续性酸反流会损害食管粘膜，引起局部炎症，即食管炎。

And it's the same color as my cadaver's esophageal sphincter.

而且，这甜品颜色跟我解剖尸体食管括约肌一样。

If there's too much pepsin or it sloshes up into your esophagus or other places it doesn't belong, it binds to tissues and causes symptoms like burping and heartburn.

如果蛋白酶过多或者是蛋白酶溅进了食管或者是其他不该存在地方，那么它就会留在，并且导致打嗝和灼烧症状。

At this point, certain conditions start to develop that are said to be " AIDS-defining" , such as recurrent bacterial pneumonia, pneumocystis pneumonia, and fungal infections like candidiasis of the esophagus.

一些具有艾滋病特征性症状开始出现，比如反复发作细菌性肺炎、肺孢子菌肺炎与真菌感染，如食管念珠菌病。

She was given 50 chlorpromazine, which stopped them for awhile, but then the hiccups returned, so she needs a surgical consult to rule out esophageal perforation.

已经给了50mg氯丙嗪，症状稍有缓解，但很快又复发，所以来外科求诊，以排除食管穿孔可能。

It's also metabolized by the liver, and cocaine causes capillaries in the mouth and esophagus to constrict, making it harder for it get absorbed.

可卡因被肝脏代谢，也能够导致口腔毛细血管和食管毛细血管收缩，这使得药物更难被吸收。

For chronic laryngitis, it's important to treat the underlying issue, for example, using allergy medication, avoiding irritating agents, and using gastroesophageal reflux medications.

对于慢性喉炎，处理原发病很要，比如施用抗过敏药物、避开过敏原以及施用抗食管反流药物。

The bolus is then moved by peristalsis through the esophagus and into the stomach, where hydrochloric acid is secreted and pepsin begins the digestion process.

食团在食管蠕动下被送入内；内随即分泌酸，并在蛋白酶作用下开始进行消化。

If the discomfort happens repeatedly it is known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, which can have serious consequences.

如果这种不适反复发生，就被称为食管逆流病，可能会产生严后果。

The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus.

研究人员对300多位食管癌患者进行血检。

The main symptoms of laryngitis include hoarse voice or dysphonia, as well as cough, and in severe cases it can lead to difficulty swallowing or dysphagia, because the swollen larynx may compress the esophagus.

喉炎主要临床表现为声嘶、咳嗽，严者可导致吞咽困难，因为喉水肿会压迫食管。

The sclerosis prevents blood from flowing into your liver, so it's backing up into your esophagus, 'causing the ruptures. It's serious, Ollie.

肝硬化阻止血流进入肝脏，所以返流回了食管引起了破裂，情况很严，Ollie。

So its mucosa is made up of stratified squamous epithelium, which is better equipped to resist abrasion from food going down.

因此，其粘膜是由复层鳞状皮构成，能较好地抵御食物对食管磨损。

Now, the esophagus has a particularly thick muscularis externa that propels the bolus of food down to the esophageal sphincter , which opens, allowing the bolus to pass into the stomach.

食管肌层非常厚，这有助于食管将食团推向食管括约肌；食管括约肌适时开放，以便食团进入部。

For more advanced stages, there's chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery.

晚期食管癌用化放疗和手术治疗。

The larynx is located in the upper portion of the neck, just below where the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.

喉位于颈部、咽分叉为气管和食管处下部。

You're here. Good. I need the results of the barium esophagram or the E.G.D. , And you have neither. Okay.

你来了。很好。我要食管造影或者是镜检测结果，而你什么都没有。好吧。

Once that bolus of food gets swallowed through the pharynx it goes into the esophagus.

食团经咽部被吞咽后，就进入了食管。