In the lumbar region, neural crest cells differentiate into the cells of the adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland that sits atop the kidneys.

在腰椎节段，神经嵴细胞分化成肾上腺髓质细胞，位于肾脏上方的肾上腺部。

The inner portion is the renal medulla and the outside rim is the renal cortex.

肾髓质，外肾皮质。

And from a very tiny, underused part of my brain — probably located at the base of my medulla oblongata where my subconscious dwells — comes the thought: he's here to see you.

在我大脑一个非常小的，不怎么利用的部分——也许位于我髓质延髓的根部，我的潜意识存在于此——冒出一个想法：他是来看你的。

It crosses in the medulla, which is at the base of your brainstem.

它穿过髓质，髓质位于脑干的底部。

So in the final steps, after the filtrate leaves the DCT, it enters the collecting duct, which runs back into the medulla.

所以在后一步，滤液离开 DCT 后，进入收集管，收集管又回到髓质。

B-cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are found in the medulla or center of the lymph node.

B细胞分化浆细胞；浆细胞存在于淋巴结的髓质（淋巴结的中心）。

There are also sections of the cortex called renal columns, which extend down into the medulla separating the renal pyramids from one another.

肾柱是肾皮质伸入肾髓质，并分隔肾锥体的部分。

The medulla is made up of 10 to 18 renal pyramids with the base of the pyramids facing the renal cortex and the tips of the pyramids, called renal papilla—or nipples, pointing towards the center of the kidney.

髓质由10-18个肾锥体构成，每个锥体基底皮质；而尖端称作肾乳头，则肾的中心。

Together, the sympathetic chain and adrenal medulla form the sympathetic nervous system, connecting the brain and central nervous system to various organs including the heart and blood vessels.

交感神经链和肾上腺髓质一起组成了交感神经系统，将大脑和中枢神经系统与各器官连接起来，包括心脏和血管。

Beneath that is the medulla, a set of cone-shaped masses of tissue that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules.

髓质下是一组锥形组织，将尿液分泌到微小的囊状小管中。

Each nephron consists of a round renal corpuscle that resides up in the cortex, followed by a long and winding renal tubule that loops around between the cortex and the medulla.

每个肾单位由一个位于大脑皮的圆形肾小体组成，其次是一个长而弯曲的肾小管，在大脑皮和髓质之间循环。

Children with a tumor in the adrenal medulla can have a large, painful abdominal mass that causes abdominal swelling.

肿瘤长在肾上腺髓质的患儿会出现巨大且疼痛的腹部包块，造成腹部肿胀。

The ovary itself contains a cortex that houses developing eggs, and a medulla that contains most of the ovary's blood vessels and nerves.

卵巢本身包含一个容纳发育中的卵子的皮，以及一个包含卵巢大部分血管和神经的髓质。

The sympathetic neurons releases norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, and the cells of the adrenal medulla release norepinephrine and epinephrine, also called adrenaline.

交感神经元释放去甲肾上腺素，而肾上腺髓质细胞释放去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素。

Alright, as a quick recap, neuroblastoma is a condition where neural crest cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla do not differentiate normally.

好！简单回顾一下：神经母细胞瘤是由于发育中的交感神经链和肾上腺髓质的神经嵴细胞没有正常分化。

For the next few hours, as my stomach grows distended from the food, it activates stretch receptors that again stimulate my medulla and get my vagus nerves to tell my stomach to turn up the juice.

在接下来的几个小时里，当我的胃因食物而膨胀时，它激活了伸展感受器，再次刺激我的髓质，让我的迷走神经告诉我的胃把胃酸调高。

Making the medulla even more salty — and, in turn, more effective at drawing out water from the ascending limb a few steps back.

使髓质更咸——反过来，更有效地从后退几步的上肢抽出水分。

And the form of this loop is key to its function, because its primary task is to drive the re-absorption of water, by creating a salt concentration gradient in the tissue of the medulla.

这个环路的形状对其功能至关重要，因它的主要任务是通过在髓质组织中创造盐浓度梯度来驱动水分的重新吸收。

The medulla, for instance, is responsible for heart rate and respiration.

例如，髓质负责心率和呼吸。

They use it to ramp up the concentration gradient earlier in the process, making the medulla even saltier for the filtrate that's back there going through the ascending limb.

在这个过程的早期，他们用它来提高浓度梯度，使髓质对穿过上升肢体的滤液更咸。