Myelin is a fatty sheath that insulates an axon, preventing electrical currents from leaking out.

质是一种脂肪，它把轴突隔绝起来，以防止电波泄漏。

Lipids also form the myelin that insulates the neurons in your brain and throughout your body, as well as the oil in your skin, and they provide the vital calorie content found in breast milk.

脂质还形成，将大脑和全身神经元以及皮肤隔离开来，它们提供母乳至关重要卡路里含量。

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is supported by an MRI which shows multiple central nervous system lesions, called white matter plaques, since these regions tend to have lots of myelin.

诊断多发性硬化需要MRI支持，显示多发枢神经系统损伤（白质斑），因为该处有大量。

Brain tissue that appears white is made of the myelinated axons that connect neurons while gray matter is made mostly of neuron cell bodies.

脑组织呈白色，连接神经元性轴突构成，而灰质主要神经元细胞体构成。

Schwannian stroma is a connective tissue from non-neuronal cells that forms myelin, which insulates the axons of the mature neurons.

Schwannian基质是一种来源于非神经元细胞结缔组织，可形成，使成熟神经元轴突绝缘。

Myelin acts like insulation, just like on an electrical wire that helps the impulse travel more quickly.

就像绝缘体，就像电线一样，帮助脉冲更快地传播。

As you repeat an action, a fatty tissue called myelin covers the axons of your neurons.

当你重复一个动作时，一种叫做脂肪组织覆盖在神经元轴突上。

They can travel more quickly if the nerve is covered in myelin.

如果神经被覆盖，它们可以更快地移动。

As a result, immune cells mistakenly attack and destroy the myelin sheath and this is called molecular mimicry, because from the perspective of the immune cells a host substance is mimicking a foreign protein.

因此，免疫细胞会错误地攻击、损伤；于自身物质和细胞外来蛋白具有相似抗原表位而导致免疫细胞攻击自身，被称为分子模拟。

In particular, as you reach old age, the myelin sheath covering your axons wears down, and other neuronal structures degrade.

特别是，当你年纪大了以后，包裹轴突质会发生磨损，其它神经元结构也会衰退。

So in transverse myelitis, there's inflammation that damages the myelin, as well as the rest of the neuron across a section of the spinal cord.

横贯性脊炎意味着炎症损伤，影响一整个脊平面。

White matter refers to connections that are myelinated, coated in a layer of insulation, allowing for fast far-range communication between information hubs.

白质指是有神经纤维，一层保护层包裹，保证了信息心之间远距离快速交流。

So when you get hurt, the electrical impulses from thicker nociceptors trigger sharp, intense pain, while thin, unmyelinated nociceptors are responsible for the dull, aching pain that follows.

所以当你受伤时，具有更厚质伤害感受器所传导电脉冲就会引发强烈剧痛，而薄质且无伤害感受器则会产生隐隐酸痛。

Myelin is the protective sheath that surrounds the axons of the peripheral neurons allowing them to quickly send electrical impulses.

质是包绕在周围神经轴突上保护性，使轴突可以快速传递电冲动。

Absence of myelin sheath means that the nerve impulses become slow and sluggish.

失去后，神经冲动传导会变得迟缓。

Arrows shot from recurve bows fly, on average, around 240 kilometers per hour, which means that given a sufficiently long, myelinated, or large-diameter neuron, your thoughts actually could win the race.

反曲弓射出箭平均飞行速度大约是每小时 240 公里。这就意味着，只要神经元足够长，且被化或有较长直径话，你思维实际上可以赢得比赛。

The speed at which these thoughts occur is mostly consistent, with variations based on myelination and axon diameter.

这些思维产生速度大体上是一致，其间区别主要基于化和轴突直径。

But speeds can be boosted with myelination and increased axon diameter.

但是速度可以因化和增加轴突直径而得到提升。

This myelin is produced by Schwann cells which are a group of cells that support neurons.

质是施万细胞产生；施万细胞是支持神经神经胶质细胞。

Early on in multiple sclerosis, the oligodendrocytes will heal and extend out new myelin to cover the neurons, which is a process called remyelination.

多发性硬化早期，少突胶质细胞可以自我修复，形成新包裹住神经元，叫作再生。