Myelin is a fatty sheath that insulates an axon, preventing electrical currents from leaking out.

髓鞘是一种肪鞘，它把轴突隔绝起来，以防止电波泄漏。

Lipids also form the myelin that insulates the neurons in your brain and throughout your body, as well as the oil in your skin, and they provide the vital calorie content found in breast milk.

还形成髓鞘，将大脑和全身的元以及皮肤中的油隔离开来，它们提供母乳中至关重要的卡路里含量。

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is supported by an MRI which shows multiple central nervous system lesions, called white matter plaques, since these regions tend to have lots of myelin.

诊断多发性硬化需要MRI的支持，显示多发的中枢系统损伤（白斑），因为该处有大量髓鞘。

Brain tissue that appears white is made of the myelinated axons that connect neurons while gray matter is made mostly of neuron cell bodies.

脑组织呈白色，连接元的髓鞘性轴突构成，而灰主要元细胞体构成。

Schwannian stroma is a connective tissue from non-neuronal cells that forms myelin, which insulates the axons of the mature neurons.

Schwannian基是一种来源于非元细胞的结缔组织，可形成髓鞘，使成熟元的轴突绝缘。

Myelin acts like insulation, just like on an electrical wire that helps the impulse travel more quickly.

髓鞘就像绝缘体，就像电线一样，帮助脉冲更快地传播。

As you repeat an action, a fatty tissue called myelin covers the axons of your neurons.

当你重复一个动作时，一种叫做髓鞘的肪组织覆盖在元的轴突上。

They can travel more quickly if the nerve is covered in myelin.

如被髓鞘覆盖，它们可以更快地移动。

As a result, immune cells mistakenly attack and destroy the myelin sheath and this is called molecular mimicry, because from the perspective of the immune cells a host substance is mimicking a foreign protein.

因此，免疫细胞会错误地攻击、损伤髓鞘；于自身物和细胞外来蛋白具有相似抗原表位而导致免疫细胞攻击自身，被称为分子模拟。

In particular, as you reach old age, the myelin sheath covering your axons wears down, and other neuronal structures degrade.

特别是，当你年纪大了以后，包裹轴突的髓鞘会发生磨损，其它的元结构也会衰退。

So in transverse myelitis, there's inflammation that damages the myelin, as well as the rest of the neuron across a section of the spinal cord.

横贯性脊髓炎意味着髓鞘的炎症损伤，影响一整个脊髓平面。

White matter refers to connections that are myelinated, coated in a layer of insulation, allowing for fast far-range communication between information hubs.

白指的是有髓鞘的纤维，一层保护层包裹，保证了信息中心之间的远距离快速交流。

So when you get hurt, the electrical impulses from thicker nociceptors trigger sharp, intense pain, while thin, unmyelinated nociceptors are responsible for the dull, aching pain that follows.

所以当你受伤时，具有更厚的伤害感受器所传导的电脉冲就会引发强烈的剧痛，而薄且无髓鞘的伤害感受器则会产生隐隐的酸痛。

Myelin is the protective sheath that surrounds the axons of the peripheral neurons allowing them to quickly send electrical impulses.

髓鞘是包绕在周围轴突上的保护性鞘，使轴突可以快速传递电冲动。

Absence of myelin sheath means that the nerve impulses become slow and sluggish.

失去髓鞘后，冲动传导会变得迟缓。

Arrows shot from recurve bows fly, on average, around 240 kilometers per hour, which means that given a sufficiently long, myelinated, or large-diameter neuron, your thoughts actually could win the race.

反曲弓射出的箭平均飞行速度大约是每小时 240 公里。这就意味着，只要元足够长，且被髓鞘化或有较长直径的话，你的思维实际上可以赢得比赛。

The speed at which these thoughts occur is mostly consistent, with variations based on myelination and axon diameter.

这些思维的产生速度大体上是一致的，其间的区别主要基于髓鞘化和轴突直径。

But speeds can be boosted with myelination and increased axon diameter.

但是速度可以因髓鞘化和增加轴突直径而得到提升。

This myelin is produced by Schwann cells which are a group of cells that support neurons.

髓鞘是施万细胞产生的；施万细胞是支持的胶细胞。

Early on in multiple sclerosis, the oligodendrocytes will heal and extend out new myelin to cover the neurons, which is a process called remyelination.

多发性硬化早期，少突胶细胞可以自我修复，形成新髓鞘包裹住元，叫作髓鞘再生。