Fructose, corn syrup, fruit-juice concentrate, malt syrup, sucrose, molasses, dextrose, and glucose are all sugars.

果糖，玉米糖浆，果汁精，芽糖，蔗糖，糖蜜，葡萄糖都是糖。

They're sweetened using sugar alcohols like maltitol, which is a potent osmotic laxative.

熊糖果用的是诸如芽糖醇这类的糖醇来充当甜味剂的。

Link two of them together, and you've got a disaccharide, lactose, maltose, or sucrose.

把这些糖中的其中两种连接起来， 你就得到了二糖，乳糖，芽糖或者蔗糖。

They’re sweetened using sugar alcohols like maltitol, which is a potent osmotic laxative.

它们使用芽糖醇等糖醇增甜，芽糖醇是一种强效渗透性泻药。

There is a snack called malt teasers.

有一种吃叫芽糖。

The maltose syrup glaze coating the skin is the secret.

涂在皮肤上的芽糖浆釉是秘密。

As for us, we're all going back to the malt shop.

至于我们 我们就接着的芽糖广告。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括芽糖酶、蔗糖酶与乳糖酶；它们能将称为寡糖的短链聚合糖分解成简单糖类，或称单糖。

But L. sanfranciscensis needs maltose to stay alive, so these microbes can live and grow without fighting over resources.

但是 L. sanfranciscensis 需要芽糖来维持生命，因此这些微生物可以在不争夺资源的情况下生存和生长。

Way back in 1835, this Scottish brewer invented the sour-mash fermentation process that is still used by almost all of Kentucky's bourbon makers today.

早在 1835 年，这位苏格兰酿酒商就发明了酸芽糖发酵工艺，如今几乎所有肯塔基州的波旁威士忌制造商仍在使用这种工艺。

Maltose is another disaccharide and this one is two glucose molecules linked together, and it's found in molasses which can be used as a substrate to ferment beer.

芽糖也是一种双糖，由两分子葡萄糖组成，多存在于糖浆中，可以用作啤酒发酵的底物。

Unlike the yeast S. cerevisiae, these yeasts are really good at surviving in the acid that the bacterium produces and they don’t digest the sugar maltose.

与酵母 S. cerevisiae 不同，这些酵母非常擅长在细菌产生的酸中存活，并且它们不消化糖芽糖。

Jesus Have you ever done the thing where you bring stuff like this in the cinema and you add it to your popcorn and people think they're Maltesers?

耶稣，你有没有过这样的事情，你把这样的东西带到电影院里， 然后把它加到你的爆米花里， 人们认为他们是芽糖？

In the case of maltose, that leaves an alpha 1-4-glycosidic bond which is a bond between carbon number 1 of one glucose monosaccharide and carbon number 4 of the other glucose monosaccharide.

以芽糖为例，这个缩合过程形成的糖苷键称为α-1，4糖苷键，即一个葡萄糖分子的1号碳与另一个葡萄糖分子的4号碳相连接。

Different enzymes help to break different linkages - for example amylases break down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units, whereas lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down lactose, sucrose, and maltose into their monosaccharides.

不同的消化酶能分解特定的糖链，比如淀粉酶可以将淀粉等多糖分解为分子的糖，而乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、芽糖酶则分别可将乳糖、蔗糖、芽糖降解为相应的单糖。

For example, in honey 50% of the sugar is fructose, 44% is glucose, 4% is galactose, 2% is maltose; whereas in maple syrup less than 1% of the sugar is fructose, 3% is glucose, and 96% is sucrose.

举个例子，蜂蜜中含有50%的果糖、44%的葡萄糖、4%的半乳糖与2%的芽糖；而枫糖浆中，果糖的含量不到1%，葡萄糖仅占3%，其余的96%都是蔗糖。