Cancer 101 | National Geographic

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Today cancer causes one in every seven deaths worldwide.

But how does cancer start, and what is being done to combat it?

Our bodies contain trillions of highly specialized cells and each carries genes responsible for regulating cell growth and division.

But when a genetic change disrupts this process cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably thereby becoming cancer.

The genetic changes that cause cancer usually happen in three types of genes.

Proto-oncogenes, which signal a cell to grow and divide.

Tumor suppressor genes, which signal a cell to stop dividing.

And DNA repair genes, which preserve and maintain genetic codes.

Changes in these genes lead to abnormal cell growth resulting in masses of tissues called tumors.

Tumors may be benign, meaning that they remain in one area, or malignant, which means that they are capable of spreading.

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