Early on in every life, a child will look up and - implicitly - ask the world: Am I OK?
Do I deserve goodwill and sympathy?
Am I on track?
And, most commonly, the person who first answers these questions is a parent.
Perhaps this parent happens to be generous and sympathetic,
they are warm and understanding of the challenges of being alive - in which case the child develops an easy conscience.
In the years to come, they appraise themselves with benignancy, they don't continuously have to wonder whether they have a right to exist.
They are comfortably on their own side.
But if the parent is more punitive, the picture grows darker: approval is always uncertain, there is a constant fear of being called arrogant or of being upbraided for something one hadn't thought about.
What's tricky is that consciences don't stay neatly identified with those who kickstarted them.
下载全新《每日英语听力》客户端,查看完整内容