doctorand

The downward mobility was about the scholar ′s giving up the road of Ke-ju andselecting an occupation concerned with Confucian or not, like farmer, businessman, doctorand so on.

垂直的向下的流动,即是士子放弃了求仕之路,选择与儒相关或无关的职业,业农、业贾、卖文博食、习医等等。