holmium

Ureterolithotomy or ureterocystoscope with holmium revealed that adhesive ureterostenosis in 6, inflammatory ureteral polyp in 4, encapsulation of the calculi by granulation tissue in 2.

术输管窄6例，息肉2例，肉芽组织包裹2例。

Ureterolithotomy is thy best way for upper segment ureteral calculi and ureterocystoscope with holmium is the hest way for middle or lower segment ureteral calculi when ESWL fails.

ESWL治疗失败后，输管上段结石首选输管切开取石术，输管下段结石首选输管镜下钬激光碎石术。