匪首

The bandit chief surrendered himself to despair and took his own life.

首在绝望中自杀了。

Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti，profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.

首刘桂堂以其活动范围广、历经时间长、聚集众、害社会大，成为民国时期国罕见巨，也为民国土研究提供了一个典型个案。