The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

首先起作用就是信号蛋白，它也被称为干扰素。

And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

而结果他们发现，与我们人类所不同是，蝙蝠干扰素一直在起作用。

Uninfected cells start secreting interferons alpha and beta, which inhibits viral protein synthesis and protects those cells from getting infected.

未被感染细开始分泌α和β干扰素，阻止病毒蛋白质合成，使其他细免于被感染。

In one study, people were injected with one of three substances: saline, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon — another inflammation inducing substance.

在一项研究中，我们为受试者分别注射三种试剂：生理盐水、脂多糖、以及一种可以诱导炎症干扰素。

(and also on cells from monkeys, as a control). They concluded that always-on interferon pathways probably do speed up viral evolution.

（作为对照，也对猴子细进行了实验）。他们总结称，永远活跃干扰素通路可能确实加快了病毒进化。

And I'm also gonna watch a sketchy video on interferons.

我还将观看有关干扰素粗略视频。

Interferons also spread to healthy cells, alerting them to the danger and limiting their replication.

干扰素还会扩散至健康细，它们存在威胁， 并限制其复制。

The drug interferons, not not, yeah.

药物干扰素，不是没有，是。

There are three main types of interferon, alpha, beta and gamma, with slightly varying roles.

有三种主要干扰素类型，分别是α、β和γ，它们作用略有不同。

Your immune cells look for and use  critical transmitters called interferons to mobilize the body against viruses.

你免疫细会寻找并利用一种叫做干扰素关键信使来动员身对抗病毒。

But Variola is able to deactivate interferons,   which stuns the anti virus side of your defense system.

但天花病毒能够使干扰素失效，从而打击你防御系统抗病毒部分。

Lonely people have unusually low numbers of a type of myeloid cell that generates what are known as interferon responses, which hamper viral replication.

孤独人他们血液中骨髓细数量异常低，骨髓细可以产生干扰素反应，阻碍病毒复制。

In low doses, however, interferon is still used to treat various cancers, hepatitis, and multiple sclerosis.

然而，在低剂量下，干扰素仍然用于治疗各种癌症、肝炎和多发性硬化症。

T-cells are later found to produce the gamma form of interferon.

后来发现，T细能产生伽马型干扰素。

Other T cells produce chemicals called lymphokines (such as interferons and interleukins) that have a toxic effect upon cells or bacteria.

其他T细产生称为淋巴因子化学物质（如干扰素和白细介素），对细或细菌有毒性作用。

Interferons,   as the name suggests, interfere – significantly slowing down virus infections but also quickly  activating millions of anti virus weapons.

干扰素，顾名思义，会干扰病毒——显着减缓病毒感染速度，同时迅速激活数以百万计抗病毒武器。

Cells infected by viruses release interferons to slow down cell replication, curtailing the progress of the virus and to block future infections.

被病毒感染细会释放干扰素， 以减缓细复制，遏制病毒进展， 并阻止未来感染。

But disrupting SGs also led to an increase in the cell's ability to produce key cytokines, like interferon gamma and TNF alpha.

然而，破坏应激颗粒反而增强了细产生关键细因子（如伽马干扰素和肿瘤坏死因子阿尔法）能力。

So, a person's unique blend of interferon genes may end up explaining whether they develop symptoms, and not just because the proteins interact with the virus directly.

因此，一个人独特干扰素基因融合情况可能才会最终决定他是否会出现症状，而不仅仅是因为蛋白质与病毒直接相互作用。

Well, the answer they found is pretty surprising, and it really centers on one specific molecule, a signaling protein called interferon gamma, or IFNO.

嗯，他们找到答案相当令人惊讶，核心竟然集中在一种特定分子上，即一种名为干扰素伽马（IFNγ）信号蛋白。