It infects the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, typically through a nasal route of transmission.

它通常通过鼻传播途径，感染呼吸道粘上皮。

On the other hand, rhinoviruses commonly infect the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity.

另一方面，鼻病毒通常会感染鼻腔周围呼吸道粘上皮细胞。

Now, the stomach mucosa is different from the esophageal mucosa.

而胃粘不同于食管粘。

The path of physiology of CSOM begins with irritation and subsequent inflammation of the middle ear mucosa.

CSOM 生理学途径始于中耳粘激和随后炎症。

That's where there's repeated physical trauma like rubbing of the tooth surface against the mucosa of the cheeks.

这是由于反复摩擦导致物理损伤，如牙齿表面对颊摩擦。

The mucosa comes into direct contact with food, and it protects the esophageal wall from friction.

食物直接接触，同时承受摩擦，保护食管壁。

From the outside in, these are the adventitia, or serosa; the muscular layer; the submucosa and the mucosa.

从外到内看，分别是外（或者说浆）、肌、下。

This is due to survival issues, as it isn't good for dogs to consume very acidic foods that could damage their stomach mucosa.

这关乎狗狗生存问题，因为食用可能损害胃粘酸性食物对它们而言是不好。

These airways have an inner lining called the mucosa that's surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle.

这些气道有一称为粘内，被一平滑肌包围。

For example, after a dental procedure that leaves a rough tooth surface, or a broken tooth rubbing against the mucosa.

比如，某次牙科治疗使牙齿变面变得粗糙，或者某颗坏掉牙齿不断摩擦。

Persistent acid reflux damages the esophageal mucosa, causing local inflammation, or esophagitis.

持续性酸反流会损害食管粘，引起局部炎症，即食管炎。

These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa waiting to be infected.

这些是您身体边界细胞，位于您器官和粘衬里，等待被感染。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

一旦鼻病毒被进入呼吸道粘，它目标是在鼻上皮细胞表面表达细胞表面受体。

Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen are useful for digestion, but they can be quite aggressive for the delicate mucosa.

盐酸和胃蛋白酶原有助于消化，但它们对脆弱粘很有侵袭性。

The mucosa is a very wet layer that helps protect the inside of your nose and sinuses and humidifies the air you breathe.

鼻表面非常湿润，有助于保护你鼻子和鼻窦内侧，并使你呼吸空气变得湿润。

Esophagitis, in turn, causes edema and erosion of the mucosa, which leads to more complications.

进而，食管炎会引起水肿和糜烂，从而导致更多并发症。

The outermost layer of the mucosa is the muscularis mucosa or muscularis interna, and it's a layer of smooth muscle that contracts and helps break down food.

粘最外为粘肌，也可称为内肌；它由一平滑肌构成，可帮助碾碎食物。

Nasal Polyp are fleshy swellings that develop in the lining mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses, air-filled spaces, linked to the nasal cavity.

鼻息肉是在鼻腔相连鼻腔和鼻窦（充满空气间隙）内壁中增生肉质肿胀。

Going deeper past that layer you've got the basement membrane and loose connective tissue, called the lamina propria—which together with the epithelium makes up the mucosa.

更深由基底细胞和疏松结缔组织组成，被称为基底，它和上皮一起组成了气道。

This bicarbonate-rich mucus protects the gastric mucosa from our own gastric acid, so it won't get digested along with food.

这种富含碳酸氢盐液，保护胃不受我们自身胃酸影响，使其不至于和食物一起被消化。