All non-blood cells aresurrounded by a fibrous material known as the extracellularmatrix.

除了血胞，其他胞均由质胞外基质包围。

When activated, the stellate cells lose vitamin A, proliferate, and start secreting secreting transforming growth factor beta1, or TGF-beta, which then causes them to produce collagen, which is the main ingredient in extracellular matrix, fibrosis, and scar tissue.

激活后的星形胞失去生素A，并且开始大量增生，分泌转化生长因子ß，即TGF-ß，随之其生成胶原；胶原是胞外基质、化和疤痕组织的重要成分。

When we look at healthy skin tissue under a microscope, we see the cells that perform various functions connected by an extracellular matrix, or ECM.

当我们在显微镜下观察健康的肌肤组织时，我们可以看见被ECM(胞外基质)所连接的各种胞起到了不同的用。

Bones are made of two components cells, making up approximately 5% of the bone's volume, and the extracellular matrix, which accounts for the rest.

骨骼由两种成分胞组成，约占骨骼体积的 5%，而胞外基质则占其余部分。

They all spring from the same embryonic cells, and their structures are dominated, not by cells, but by an extracellular matrix full of fibers.

它们都来自相同的胚胎胞，它们的结构并不是由胞主，而是由充满的胞外基质主。

In response to this high-pressure state, the supportive mesangial cells secrete more and more structural matrix expanding the size of the glomerulus.

为了应对这种高压力状态，系膜胞分泌更多的胞外基质，增大了肾小球体积。

As a result, there are fewer functioning microfibrils in the extracellular matrix, and that means there's less tissue integrity and elasticity.

这会胞外基质中正常的微丝减少，造成组织完整性和弹性下降。

Collagen accompanies the extracellular matrix in providing the structure and tensile strength of connective tissues like our ligaments and tendons.

胶原伴随胞外基质，为韧带和肌腱等结缔组织提供结构和抗拉强度。

It acts as a coupling factor for an enzyme that synthesizes a component of extracellular matrix, collagen.

它为一种酶的偶联因子，合成胞外基质的一种成分-胶原蛋白。

As you get older, the production of these extracellular matrix molecules naturally starts to slow down.

随着你年龄的增长，这些胞外基质分子的再生减缓。

Connective tissue is made up of a mix of cells hanging out in an extracellular matrix, which contains some specific molecules that give your skin some structure and help with things like healing wounds.

结缔组织由胞外基质中的大量游离胞组成，这些游离胞包含某些特殊分子，而这些分子可以支撑皮肤，还可以愈合伤口。

This extracellular matrix is composed of organic matter, and is primarily a matrix of the protein COLLAGEN and minerals, chiefly CALCIUM, which accounts for 50 to 70% of the bone.

这种胞外基质由有机组成，主要是胶原蛋白和矿质（主要是钙）的基质，钙占骨骼的50 - 70%。

This excessive extracellular matrix leads to glomerulosclerosis, hardening and scarr, and diminishes the nephron's ability to filter the blood - over time leading to chronic kidney disease.

这些多余的胞外基质造成肾小球硬化症，即肾小球硬化、瘢痕化，并减弱肾单位对血液的滤过能力，逐渐发展成慢性肾病。

In the case of your connective tissue, Marfan Syndrome affects those fibers we talked about, that lend structure and support to the extracellular matrix.

就结缔组织而言，马凡综合征会影响我们谈到的那些，这些为胞外基质提供结构和支持。

Then, they start producing an extracellular matrix that holds them together as they divide and reproduce.

其后，胞开始制造胞外基质，胞分裂、繁殖时胞外基质能够保持胞的完整。

These growth factors cause the mesangial cells to regress back to their more immature stem cell state known as mesangioblasts and secrete extracellular structural matrix.

这些生长因子使得系膜胞退化成为未成熟的干胞状态（成系膜胞），并分泌胞外基质框架。

Scarring of the heart and the buildup of ECM following a heart attack can inhibit its beating, leading to further heart problems.

在心脏上结疤和产生ECM(胞外基质)会心脏病，会阻止其跳动，并会产生更多的心脏问题。

However, in a biofilm, the extracellular matrix shields microbes from external threats.

但是，如果生活在生膜中，胞外基质能够为微生提供保护。

The jello that gives this confection its structure is like that extracellular matrix in your connective tissue.

这种果冻的结构就像你结缔组织中的胞外基质。

Finally — and as strange as it may sound — all connective tissues are mostly composed of nonliving material, called the extracellular matrix.

最后——听起来可能有点奇怪——所有结缔组织大多是由被称为胞外基质的无生命质组成的。