The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

一些现代裸子甜花滴 仍然吸引授苍蝇和飞蛾。

These specialized structures of early gymnosperms weren't big cones like you'd see on a pine tree today.

早期裸子这些特殊结构并不像你今天在松树上看到那样大。

The lacewing fossilized with pollen on its mouthparts shows how pollination began between ancient groups of insects and gymnosperm plants.

口器上带有花草蛉化石表明，古代昆虫群体和裸子间授是如何。

Analysis of the pollen showed that it was mostly from a mix of gymnosperm plants, including cycads and ginkgos.

对花分析表明， 它主要来自裸子混合，包括苏铁和银杏。

They're the most diverse group of land plants, with around 300,000 known species, while today's gymnosperms number around 1000 species.

它们是最多样化陆生群，已知约有 300,000 种， 而今天裸子约有 1000 种。

It was actually something between  a fern and a group of woody plants that exists today called gymnosperms, which includes conifers and gingkos.

它实际上介于蕨类和今天存在称为裸子一组木本间，其中包括针叶树和银杏。

So, beetles may have been the insects that were best able to shift from their relationships with gymnosperms to the new resources offered up by angiosperms.

因此，甲虫可能是最能从与裸子关系转向被子提供新资源昆虫。

The stage for insect pollination was set possibly as far back as the Permian Period, when insects are thought to have started feeding on gymnosperm plant fluids.

昆虫授阶段可能最早可追溯到二叠纪时期，当时人们认为昆虫已经以裸子液体为食。

The relationships that took root between insects and gymnosperm plants transformed pollination the first time - and some of those relationships have continued to this day, while others ended in extinction.

昆虫和裸子间扎根关系第一次改变了授——其中一些关系一直持续到今天，而另一些则以灭绝告终。

And one of these flies found in Spanish amber dating to 105 million years ago actually had a clump of pollen grains in the hairs on its back -- from an extinct gymnosperm plant.

在 1.05 亿年前西班牙琥珀中发现其中一只苍蝇实际上在其背部毛发中有一团花粒——来自一种已灭绝裸子。

But, ultimately, many of the specialized gymnosperm pollinators would go extinct, including the ancient lacewings around 100 million years ago, and that group of true flies and certain groups of scorpionflies about 94 million years ago.

但是，最终，许多专门裸子传者将会灭绝，包括大约 1 亿年前古老草蛉，以及大约 9400 万年前那群真蝇和某些蝎子群。