As gymnosperms declined, angiosperms or flowering plants filled the niches  they left behind.

随着裸子植衰落，被子植或开花植填补了它们留下生态位。

Like the scorpionflies and lacewings, these true flies were thriving on the reproductive structures of gymnosperms, not angiosperms.

就像蝎蛉草蛉一样，这些真正蝇类在裸子植繁殖结构上繁盛，而不是被子植。

The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

一些现代裸子植花粉滴 仍然吸引授粉苍蝇飞蛾。

But, ultimately, many of the specialized gymnosperm pollinators would go extinct, including the ancient lacewings around 100 million years ago, and that group of true flies and certain groups of scorpionflies about 94 million years ago.

但最终，许裸子植传粉者会灭绝，包括大约一亿年前古代草蛉，以及大约九千四百万年前一类真蝇某些蝎蛉群体。

The relationships that took root between insects and gymnosperm plants transformed pollination the first time - and some of those relationships have continued to this day, while others ended in extinction.

昆虫与裸子植之间建立关系首次改变了授粉方式——而其中一些关系一直延续到今天，另一些则以灭绝告终。

These specialized structures of early gymnosperms weren't big cones like you'd see on a pine tree today.

这些早期裸子植结构并不是像今天松树上看到那种大球果。

And one of these flies found in Spanish amber dating to 105 million years ago actually had a clump of pollen grains in the hairs on its back -- from an extinct gymnosperm plant.

而在西班牙琥珀中发现一只距今1亿零500万年苍蝇背上，实际上有一团来自已灭绝裸子植花粉粒。

The stage for insect pollination was set possibly as far back as the Permian Period, when insects are thought to have started feeding on gymnosperm plant fluids.

昆虫授粉舞台可能早在二叠纪时期就已经搭建好了，当时昆虫被认为开始以裸子植液汁为食。

So, beetles may have been the insects that were best able to shift from their relationships with gymnosperms to the new resources offered up by angiosperms.

因此，甲虫可能是最能从与裸子植关系转向被子植所提供新资源昆虫。

They're the most diverse group of land plants, with around 300,000 known species, while today's gymnosperms number around 1000 species.

它们是陆生植中最样一组，已知有约30万种， 而当今裸子植则有大约1000种。

So, by the Cretaceous Period, long, tube-like mouthparts adapted to reach into gymnosperms had appeared in scorpionflies, lacewings, and true flies, evolving multiple times across these groups.

因此， 到了白垩纪时期， 适应于伸入裸子植长管状口器已经在蝎蛉、草蛉真蝇中出现，并在这些类群中次独立演出来。