So, for every valley there is a peak, and for every peak, a valley.

对应原波的波谷，新波会有一个波峰，而对应其波峰，新波会有一个波谷。

Change it enough, and you'll reach a point where the crests match the valleys, making the waves cancel each other out — that's destructive interference.

改变得够多，就会达到某个点，让波峰对上波谷，让波彼此抵消——那就是相消（破坏性）干涉。

However, you can certainly identify and measure specific characteristics of a wave pattern as a whole, most notably, its wavelength, which is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.

然而，你当然可以识别和测量一个波型的特定特征作为一个整体，最显著的是它的波长，它是两个连续波峰或波谷之间的距离。

Crest to trough a single such wave could take more than a decade to pass through our solar system, despite moving at the speed of light.

从波峰到波谷——尽管以光速来移动，单个力波要用十多年才能穿过我们的太阳系。

See, sound waves, like light waves, have peaks and valleys.

波跟光波一样，有波峰和波谷。

They have a trough and a crest, and consist not of moving water, but the movement of energy through water.

它们有波谷和波峰，并不是流动的水，而是水的能量运动。

When the additional distance it travels from one layer to the next, and back, is a multiple of the wavelength — such as 500 or 1000 extra nanometers — the crests and valleys of the waves match each other.

如果光从一层到下一层再回来所走的额外距离刚好是波长的倍数——比如额外的五百或一千奈米——波峰和波谷就会配对上。

These rolling waves determine the distribution of matter throughout space, meaning that today — almost 14 billion years after this fight began — we're more likely to find galaxies at their peaks and empty space in their troughs.

这些波纹决定了物质在空间中的分布；这意味着今天——这场搏斗开始将近 140 亿年后——我们更有可能在它们的高峰处找到星系，而它们的波谷中是空旷的。

And when a peak lines up with a trough, they cancel out.

当波峰与波谷对齐时，它们会相互抵消。

When one wave's peak met another's trough, though, the light's intensity would fall.

然而，当一个波的波峰遇到另一个波的波谷时，光的强度就会下降。

The distance between two successive peaks or troughs in a wave.

波长。波上相邻两个波峰或波谷之间的距离。

Vertically cut records have to contend with the problem of gravity, because the extra time that the needle takes to fall in each trough will slightly distort the sound of the wave etched into the record.

垂直切割的唱片必须应对重力问题，因为唱针在每个波谷中下落所需额外的时间会轻微扭曲刻录在唱片上的波。

Depending on how the peaks and valleys of the Milankovitch cycles line up, or don't, they can change how much solar radiation hits Earth's mid-latitudes by up to 25%.

根据米兰维奇循环的波峰与波谷如何排列或不排列，它们可以改变到达地球中纬度的太阳辐射量， 变化幅度可达25%。

A fixed end will invert the wave -- turning crests into troughs, and vice versa -- while a loose end will just reflect it without inverting it.

固定端会反转波——将波峰变成波谷，反之亦然——而松散端只会反射它而不反转它。

The Hunesse climbs up the face of the next wave before tilting forwards almost vertically as she races down the other side and plunges into the trough.

汉尼丝号迎着下一波巨浪的浪面攀升，随后几乎垂直地向前倾斜，疾速滑下浪的另一侧，猛然冲入波谷。

Typically, they are very steep and have an equally steep trough in front of them, a so-called hole in the ocean, as some witnesses have described it.

通常，这些波浪非常陡峭， 且在它们前方有一个同样陡峭的波谷，一些目击者将其描述为所谓的“海洋之洞” 。

And then if we look at these troughs right here, or these antinodes, rather, those are going to be areas where we have total constructive interference.

然后，如果我们观察这里的这些波谷，或者更准确地说， 这些反节点， 它们将成为我们拥有完全建设性干扰的区域。

However, phase shifting would be seen as breaking up the waves' locations of the peaks and the troughs within a set of wavelengths.

然而，相移会被视为打乱波峰和波谷在一组波长中的位置。

These pressure variations can be modeled by a sine wave, where the peaks represent increased pressure and the troughs represent decreased pressure.

这些压力变化可以通过正弦波建模，其中波峰代表压力增加而波谷代表压力降低。

If the peak of one ripple hits the valley of a  second ripple, they will subtract each other, producing a flat surface.

如果一个波纹的波峰碰到第二个波纹的波谷，它们会相互抵消，产生一个平坦的表面。