Part 4 You will hear part of a lecture to medical students about playing music to patients who are in hospital for surgery.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Now listen carefully, and answer questions 31 to 40.

Today's lecture is about studies that look at how music therapy can be used to help patients who undergo surgery.

Now, most people undergo a surgical procedure at some point in their lives, and more than 51000000 operations are performed annually in the USA.

But there's no escaping the fact that most patients feel uncomfortable following surgery.

They may have difficulty mobilizing, and even sitting up in bed can feel too much.

They may also be negatively affected by having their routine disturbed.

You know, like if they can't do the things they normally do, or have to devote a lot of time to appointments, such as physiotherapy to aid their recovery.

Currently, the main strategy for improving recovery is medication to control pain, and this can be administered to patients in the short, medium, or longer term, depending on the extent of their surgery.