After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, China plunged into a period of turmoil marked by widespread conflict and power struggles.

Among the many warlords competing for control, Xiang Yu rose to prominence with his formidable military might and became the most powerful figure of the time.

Meanwhile, Liu Bang entered the Guanzhong region, gradually consolidating his forces and expanding his influence.

In 205 BC, Xiang Yu defeated Liu Bang at the Battle of Pengcheng, forcing him to retreat to the area around Xingyang.

From then on, the Chu and Han forces became locked in a prolonged confrontation across the regions of Xingyang and Chenggao.

The two sides fought a series of fierce battles, and the war dragged on for several years.

By 203 BC, both armies had grown weary, while the prolonged conflict had brought immense suffering to ordinary people.

Realizing that neither side could achieve a decisive victory, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang agreed to divide their territories along the Hong Canal.

The lands west of the river would belong to Han, while the lands east of it would remain under the control of Chu.

The two sides temporarily ended their fighting and withdrew their troops.