stipe

The differentiation  of its sporophore is bud—stipe—pileus differentiation—pileus mature—spore scatter.

芝子实过程，要经过菌芽—菌柄—菌盖—菌盖成熟—孢子飞散。

Characteristics: Terrestrial ferns; stipes tuft, backlish at base; young fronds pinnaye with wider pinnae, when getting older, the fronds become bipinnate or tripinnatifid with slender pinnules.

地生，叶柄丛生，基部黑色；较年轻叶子一回羽状复叶，较老叶子二回或三回羽状复叶。