surrogate GRE专八

For some people, reading travel books is a surrogate for actual travel.

对某些人来说, 读游记可代替真正的旅行。

The cat acted as a surrogate mum to the chicks.

当起了小鸡的妈妈来。

In the 1950s Harlow compared monkeys raised by their mothers with monkeys reared by wire or terrycloth surrogate mothers.

哈娄将由母猴养大的猴子，以及由铁丝或绵布制成的代母养大的猴子作比较，发现由代母养大的猴子变得不合群且极具攻击性。

It should be noted that the method for updating multipliers is similar but different to the surrogate subgradient method, which is more robust and stable for accelerating the convergence rate.

大量的测试表明了，在新的更新乘子的公式下，收敛性和稳定性更好。